Problem 1: A project needs 50 labor hours at $60 an hour, $2,000 of materials, and $500 of equipment. What is the subtotal?
Solution: labor = 50 × $60 = $3,000. Subtotal = $3,000 + $2,000 + $500 = $5,500.
Problem 2: Using Problem 1, add 12% overhead and 10% contingency. What is the total project cost?
Solution: overhead = $5,500 × 0.12 = $660. Subtotal with overhead = $6,160. Contingency = $6,160 × 0.10 = $616. Total = $6,776.
Problem 3: A construction project has $10,000 of labor, $8,000 of materials, and $2,000 of equipment. What is the total before overhead and contingency?
Solution: $10,000 + $8,000 + $2,000 = $20,000.
Problem 4: Using Problem 3, add 18% overhead and 12% contingency. What is the total project cost?
Solution: overhead = $20,000 × 0.18 = $3,600. Subtotal with overhead = $23,600. Contingency = $23,600 × 0.12 = $2,832. Total = $26,432.
Problem 5: You want a 25% markup on a project that costs $8,000. What should you quote the client?
Solution: quote = $8,000 × (1 + 0.25) = $10,000. That is a 20% margin on the price; a 25% margin would need $8,000 ÷ 0.75 = $10,667.
Answers: 1. $5,500 · 2. $6,776 · 3. $20,000 · 4. $26,432 · 5. $10,000