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D&D 5e Point Buy Calculator

Allocate a 27-point ability score budget, apply background bonuses, and see final scores and modifiers instantly for D&D 5e.

D&D 5e point buy allocates 27 points across six ability scores from 8 to 15, where each score above 8 costs 1 point up to 13, then 2 points for 14 and 15. A 15 costs 9 points total. Modifier = floor((score − 10) / 2), so a 15 with a +2 background bonus becomes a 17, a +3 modifier.

Quick actions: Save inputs, view saved runs, print, share, or export results

Saved Runs

Inputs

Ability scores (8-15)

Strength

Dexterity

Constitution

Intelligence

Wisdom

Charisma

Background bonuses (0-2)

Strength

Dexterity

Constitution

Intelligence

Wisdom

Charisma

Point-buy budget

Results

Points Spent

23 / 27

Points Remaining4

Strength17 (+3)

Dexterity14 (+2)

Constitution13 (+1)

Intelligence8 (-1)

Wisdom11 (+0)

Charisma8 (-1)

Tip

Save this page to plan character builds, compare allocations, and validate a point-buy array before submitting a character sheet.

Formula

Point buy cost table and modifier formula

Cost by score: 8=0, 9=1, 10=2, 11=3, 12=4, 13=5, 14=7, 15=9. Final Score = Purchased Score + Background Bonus. Modifier = floor((Final Score − 10) / 2).

The jump from 13 to 14 and from 14 to 15 each cost 2 points instead of 1, so a single 15 uses roughly a third of the standard 27-point budget.

Step by step

How the calculation works

1Set each ability score between 8 and 15 using your point-buy allocation.
2Add any background bonus (0-2) your character gets for that ability under the 2024 rules.
3Watch the points-remaining total — it goes negative if you overspend your budget.
4Adjust the budget field if your table uses a house-ruled point total instead of the standard 27.
5Final scores and modifiers update instantly as you adjust any value.

Related guides

Learn more about this calculation

Guide

D&D 5e Point Buy vs Rolling for Ability Scores: Which Method Should You Use?

A statistical, practical comparison of point buy and 4d6-drop-lowest rolling for D&D 5e ability scores, with the real probability math behind each method.

Guide

4d6 Drop Lowest: D&D Ability Score Probabilities

See the exact 4d6-drop-lowest distribution, odds of high scores across six rolls, ability modifiers, and comparisons with standard array and point cost.

D&D 5e Point Buy Calculator

Allocate a 27-point ability score budget, apply background bonuses, and see final scores and modifiers instantly for D&D 5e.

How to understand and use this calculator

Why point buy exists alongside rolling

Point buy is the fairness-first alternative to rolling ability scores: every character at the table starts from the same fixed budget, so no player ends up with a materially stronger or weaker array purely by chance. The standard 5e budget is 27 points, spent across six abilities that each start at a base of 8 and can be raised to a maximum of 15 before other bonuses. If you would rather roll and want to see how a rolled array compares, use the D&D Stat Roll Calculator.

The cost table is not linear

Raising a score from 8 to 13 costs one point per increment, but the jump from 13 to 14 costs two points, and 14 to 15 costs another two. That means a single 15 costs 9 of your 27 points — roughly a third of the entire budget — which is why most efficient point-buy arrays cap out at one or two scores of 15 rather than several. Spreading points more evenly across abilities is usually more efficient than concentrating everything in one score, unless your build strategy specifically depends on maximizing a single primary stat early.

Background bonuses stack after the point-buy total

Under the 2024 rules, your character's background — not species — grants ability score bonuses: either +2 to one ability and +1 to a different ability, or +1 to three different abilities. Those bonuses apply on top of your point-buy allocation, not as part of the 27-point budget itself. A 13 purchased with points plus a +2 background bonus becomes a 15, a +2 modifier, without spending any extra point-buy points to get there.

The standard array is just a pre-solved point-buy allocation

The commonly offered 'standard array' (15, 14, 13, 12, 10, 8) is not a separate method — it is simply one specific way to spend the full 27-point budget, chosen as a zero-math shortcut for players who do not want to work out their own allocation. Verifying this against the cost table: 9 + 7 + 5 + 4 + 2 + 0 = 27, exactly the full budget. If you want a different spread (for example, less extreme, or with two 14s instead of one 15 and one 12), this calculator lets you build any valid 27-point allocation rather than being limited to that one preset.

Point buy matters more for MAD classes than SAD classes

Single Ability Dependent (SAD) classes — a Sorcerer relying almost entirely on Charisma — can dump every unused ability to 8 and fund one very high score efficiently under point buy. Multiple Ability Dependent (MAD) classes — a Paladin needing Strength, Constitution, and Charisma all reasonably high — are structurally harder to build well within a fixed 27-point budget, since spreading points across three or four abilities without leaving any of them weak is expensive. If you are building a MAD character, expect to make real trade-offs between your key abilities rather than maxing all of them.

Worked example: allocating 27 points for a Paladin

A Paladin might allocate Strength 15 (9 points), Charisma 14 (7 points), Constitution 13 (5 points), Wisdom 10 (2 points), Dexterity 10 (2 points), Intelligence 8 (0 points) — totaling exactly 9+7+5+2+2+0 = 25 of the 27-point budget, leaving 2 points unspent (enough to raise Wisdom or Dexterity to 11). Compare this to a Sorcerer's typical SAD allocation of Charisma 15 (9 points) with every other score left low, which spends far less of the budget on secondary abilities and can instead push a second stat (often Constitution or Dexterity) higher than a MAD build ever could within the same 27 points.

Related Calculators

Running combat for the character you just built? The D&D 5e Encounter CR Difficulty & XP Budget Calculator helps balance fights against your party's actual strength. Curious how a point-buy array compares to rolling? The D&D Stat Roll Calculator generates a 4d6-drop-lowest array you can compare directly against your point-buy build.

Related concepts

Point-buy budget

The fixed pool of points (27 by default) available to raise ability scores above their base of 8.

Ability modifier

The bonus or penalty applied to rolls using a given ability, calculated as floor((score − 10) / 2).

Background bonus

Additional ability score increases granted by a character's background under the 2024 rules, applied after point-buy allocation.

SAD vs MAD

Single Ability Dependent classes need one strong score; Multiple Ability Dependent classes need several, changing how efficiently a fixed budget builds them.

Standard array

A pre-solved 27-point allocation (15,14,13,12,10,8) offered as a zero-math point-buy shortcut.

Frequently Asked Questions

How many points do I get in standard D&D 5e point buy?+

27 points, spendable across six ability scores that start at a base of 8 and can be raised to a purchased maximum of 15.

Why does a 15 cost 9 points instead of 7?+

Because the cost table charges 1 point per increment from 8 through 13, then 2 points for the step to 14 and another 2 points for the step to 15, so the last two increments cost double the earlier ones.

Can I go above 15 with point buy alone?+

No. 15 is the maximum score purchasable with points; scores above 15 only come from background bonuses, feats, or other in-game increases applied afterward.

Do background bonuses cost point-buy points?+

No. Background ability bonuses under the 2024 rules are added after your point-buy allocation and do not consume any of the 27-point budget.

What is the ability modifier formula?+

Modifier = floor((Score − 10) / 2). A 15 gives a +2 modifier, and an 8 gives a −1 modifier.

Is point buy always better than rolling?+

Not necessarily better, just more predictable. Rolling can produce a stronger array than point buy's maximum efficient spread, but it can also produce a weaker one — point buy trades that variance for consistency.

Can I use a different point budget than 27?+

Some tables use a higher or lower budget as a house rule (commonly 25 for a stricter game or higher for a more heroic one). This calculator lets you set a custom budget to match your table's rule.

What happens if I overspend my budget?+

The calculator will show a negative remaining-points value so you can see exactly how far over budget your allocation is before adjusting it.

Does the 2014 ruleset use the same cost table?+

Yes, the core 27-point cost table is unchanged between the 2014 and 2024 Player's Handbooks; the main difference is that ability bonuses come from species in 2014 rules and from background in 2024 rules.

Should I dump a stat to 8 to afford a higher primary score?+

It is a common strategy for single-stat-dependent classes, but check your class and campaign style first, since a very low score can create real gameplay weaknesses outside combat.

Is the standard array better than building my own point-buy allocation?+

They are mathematically equivalent — the standard array (15,14,13,12,10,8) spends the full 27-point budget exactly. Building your own allows a different spread (like two 14s instead of one 15 and one 12) for the same total cost.

Why is point buy harder for Paladins and other MAD classes?+

Multiple Ability Dependent classes need several abilities reasonably high at once, which is expensive under a fixed budget — a build needing three strong scores has far less room per score than one needing only one.

What does SAD and MAD mean in D&D character building?+

Single Ability Dependent (SAD) classes need one high score to function well; Multiple Ability Dependent (MAD) classes need several, which changes how efficiently a fixed point-buy budget can build them.

Can I compare my point-buy build directly against a rolled array?+

Yes — generate a rolled array with the D&D Stat Roll Calculator and compare its raw total and individual scores against your point-buy allocation to see which is objectively stronger for your specific build.

Does point buy work the same for every class?+

The math is identical for every class, but how efficiently a 27-point budget builds a strong character varies significantly depending on how many abilities that class depends on.

How the calculation works

1Set each ability score between 8 and 15 using your point-buy allocation.

2Add any background bonus (0-2) your character gets for that ability under the 2024 rules.

3Watch the points-remaining total — it goes negative if you overspend your budget.

4Adjust the budget field if your table uses a house-ruled point total instead of the standard 27.

5Final scores and modifiers update instantly as you adjust any value.

How to understand and use this calculator

Why point buy exists alongside rolling

The cost table is not linear

Background bonuses stack after the point-buy total

The standard array is just a pre-solved point-buy allocation

Point buy matters more for MAD classes than SAD classes

Worked example: allocating 27 points for a Paladin

Related Calculators

Related concepts

Point-buy budget

The fixed pool of points (27 by default) available to raise ability scores above their base of 8.

Ability modifier

The bonus or penalty applied to rolls using a given ability, calculated as floor((score − 10) / 2).

Background bonus

Additional ability score increases granted by a character's background under the 2024 rules, applied after point-buy allocation.

SAD vs MAD

Single Ability Dependent classes need one strong score; Multiple Ability Dependent classes need several, changing how efficiently a fixed budget builds them.

Standard array

A pre-solved 27-point allocation (15,14,13,12,10,8) offered as a zero-math point-buy shortcut.

Frequently Asked Questions

How many points do I get in standard D&D 5e point buy?+

27 points, spendable across six ability scores that start at a base of 8 and can be raised to a purchased maximum of 15.

Why does a 15 cost 9 points instead of 7?+

Can I go above 15 with point buy alone?+

No. 15 is the maximum score purchasable with points; scores above 15 only come from background bonuses, feats, or other in-game increases applied afterward.

Do background bonuses cost point-buy points?+

No. Background ability bonuses under the 2024 rules are added after your point-buy allocation and do not consume any of the 27-point budget.

What is the ability modifier formula?+

Modifier = floor((Score − 10) / 2). A 15 gives a +2 modifier, and an 8 gives a −1 modifier.

Is point buy always better than rolling?+

Can I use a different point budget than 27?+

Some tables use a higher or lower budget as a house rule (commonly 25 for a stricter game or higher for a more heroic one). This calculator lets you set a custom budget to match your table's rule.

What happens if I overspend my budget?+

The calculator will show a negative remaining-points value so you can see exactly how far over budget your allocation is before adjusting it.

Does the 2014 ruleset use the same cost table?+

Should I dump a stat to 8 to afford a higher primary score?+

It is a common strategy for single-stat-dependent classes, but check your class and campaign style first, since a very low score can create real gameplay weaknesses outside combat.

Is the standard array better than building my own point-buy allocation?+

Why is point buy harder for Paladins and other MAD classes?+

What does SAD and MAD mean in D&D character building?+

Can I compare my point-buy build directly against a rolled array?+

Does point buy work the same for every class?+

The math is identical for every class, but how efficiently a 27-point budget builds a strong character varies significantly depending on how many abilities that class depends on.

D&D 5e Point Buy Calculator

Inputs

Results

Point buy cost table and modifier formula

How the calculation works

Learn more about this calculation

D&D 5e Point Buy vs Rolling for Ability Scores: Which Method Should You Use?

4d6 Drop Lowest: D&D Ability Score Probabilities

D&D 5e Point Buy Calculator

Inputs

Results

Key output metrics

Final Ability Scores

How to understand and use this calculator

Why point buy exists alongside rolling

The cost table is not linear

Background bonuses stack after the point-buy total

The standard array is just a pre-solved point-buy allocation

Point buy matters more for MAD classes than SAD classes

Worked example: allocating 27 points for a Paladin

Related Calculators

Related concepts

Frequently Asked Questions

Point buy cost table and modifier formula

How the calculation works

Learn more about this calculation

D&D 5e Point Buy vs Rolling for Ability Scores: Which Method Should You Use?

4d6 Drop Lowest: D&D Ability Score Probabilities

Key output metrics

Final Ability Scores

How to understand and use this calculator

Why point buy exists alongside rolling

The cost table is not linear

Background bonuses stack after the point-buy total

The standard array is just a pre-solved point-buy allocation

Point buy matters more for MAD classes than SAD classes

Worked example: allocating 27 points for a Paladin

Related Calculators

Related concepts

Frequently Asked Questions