What is a Bond?
A bond is a financial instrument that governments, corporations, and other entities issue to raise capital. When you purchase a bond, you are essentially lending money to the issuer in exchange for regular interest payments and the return of your principal at maturity.
To compare these fixed-income returns against other assets, you can project compound growth with our Investment Calculator or set target savings goals using our Savings Calculator.
Key bond terms to know:
- Face value (Par value): The principal amount returned when the bond matures — usually standard at $1,000.
- Coupon rate: The fixed annual interest rate stated on the bond certificate.
- Coupon payment: The actual cash payment made periodically, calculated as: Face Value × Coupon Rate.
- Bond price: The current market value of the bond, which fluctuates in secondary markets.
- Maturity date: The contractually specified date when the bond expires and the issuer repays the principal.
Common Types of Bonds: government bonds (such as US Treasuries), corporate debt securities, tax-exempt municipal bonds, and zero-coupon bonds.